By Abigail Yeboah
Addiction is the inability to stop using a substance or engaging in a behavior even though it is causing psychological and physical harm. It does not only refer to dependence on substances but also involves the inability to stop partaking in activities such as gambling, drugs, alcohol, eating, sex, work, gaming, sleeping, laziness, anger among others. Many people start using drugs or first engage in an activity voluntarily in spite of its harmful effects. It is also the continuous use of a particular substance or behavior which causes a compulsive or obsessive pursuit of reward with lack of concern over consequences.
Over time, addiction can seriously interfere with our daily lives. People experiencing addiction are also prone to cycles of relapse and remission as the condition becomes worse with time. One in 3 people in the world have an addiction of some sort. In Ghana, laziness, eating, sleeping, and sex are not recognized as addictions by the Ghana Psychiatric Association. For example, someone who is addicted to coffee can experience physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms such as severe headaches and irritability.
The CEO of Right and Rehabilitation Ghana, Kingsley Ofosu Armaah, says most signs of addiction relate to persons’ impaired ability to maintain self-control.
“An addiction heavily impacts the way a person thinks, feels and acts. Many individuals with addiction disorders are aware they have a problem but have difficulty stopping it.”
“While it can be tempting to try a drug or addictive activity for the first time, it is all too easy for things to go through, especially in the case of drug and alcohol abuse. People develop tolerance when they repeatedly abuse substances over time. According to Mr. Ofosu Armaah, larger amounts of drugs or alcohol are required to achieve the desired effects, escalating the nature of the problem.”
Prolonged substance abuse can result in a dangerous cycle of addiction; one where people need to continue using drugs or alcohol to avoid the uncomfortable symptoms of withdrawal. By the time people realize they have already seized control, causing users to prioritize substance abuse over everything else that was once important in their lives.
No one ever plans to become addicted. There are countless reasons someone would try a substance or behavior. Some are driven by curiosity and peer pressure, while others are looking for a way to relieve stress. Children who grow up in environments where drugs and alcohol are prevalent have greater risk of developing a substance use disorder down the road. Other factors that might steer a person toward harmful substance use behavior include genetics and mental disorder.
Treatment can take a long time and may be complicated, but it is often effective. The best treatment depends on the substance and the presentation of the addiction, which varies from person to person.
Mr. Ofosu Armah advises that to stop addiction, treatment usually involving medication, counseling and a strong social support system is important during recovery. Involving friends and family members about the treatment plan to help keep one on track and avoid triggers.