The Need For Review Of Ghana’s Language Policy

NEWS COMMENTARY ON THE NEED FOR A REVIEW AND STABILITY OF LANGUAGE POLICY IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

In Ghana, the celebration of the International Mother Language Day has not been given the due attention it deserves apparently due to lack of government commitment coupled with poor attitude of Ghanaians towards their own mother languages. Even though Article 39 clause 3 of the 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana enjoins the State to “foster the development of Ghanaian languages and pride in Ghanaian culture”, one wonders if the State is really performing her responsibility as far as this constitutional requirement is concerned. There is little or no commitment on the part of government to come out with comprehensive policies and programmes to promote our indigenous languages, resulting in some Ghanaian languages going into extinction.

Since Ghana attained independence and nationhood in 1957, there has been a growing concern about the relevance of the language policies incorporated into our educational structure. This has resulted in frequent policy shifts which have not produced desired outcomes as far as Ghanaian language education is concerned. There is still a growing concern about whether the current language policy is a kind of policy that can help promote our indigenous languages for national development. It is worthy to note that because the current language policy mandates the study of Ghanaian language to a limited extent, the policy has succeeded in alienating the Ghanaian from his or her roots and the inherent structures that homogeneously bind us together.

Again, the policy has denied the Ghanaian access to learn most of the cherished ideas and ideals of our tangible and intangible cultural heritage. It is abundantly clear from Ghana’s language policies from the colonial era to date that there have been frequent policy shifts as the nation has moved between pro-English policies and those that mandate the use of Ghanaian Languages in education to a limited extent, culminating in fluctuations in the implementation of the language policies.

Currently, the Ghanaian Language Policy states that Ghanaian Languages should be used as a medium of instruction from kindergarten to primary three (3) and English as a medium of instruction thereafter. The junior high school students are learning one Ghanaian Language and the teacher trainees are also made to study one Ghanaian Language under the policy. This has created a vacuum in the senior high schools and it is making the study of Ghanaian Languages difficult for most of the teacher trainees who do not study Ghanaian languages in the senior high schools.

Needless to say, the current language policy is in need of review. Bureau of Ghana Languages is a government department mandated to write and publish books exclusively in Ghanaian Languages as a way of promoting our local languages. However, the Bureau is unable to deliver effectively because of understaffing, insufficient funds and logistics. Since its establishment in 1951, Bureau of Ghana Languages has been operating in the eleven Ghanaian languages so far studied in our educational institutions, namely: Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ewe, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Mfantse and Nzema. However, the once buoyant Department engaged in the development and promotion of Ghanaian Languages, is now a pale shadow of its former self. The theme for this year’s International Mother Language Day, “Languages Beyond Borders”, would not have come at a better time. While the mother language serves as pre-existing knowledge upon which inferences can be made to facilitate transfer to a second language, we can still see “Don’t speak vernacular” or “Speak English only” on the premises of some of our educational institutions.

Meanwhile, the perception that a child’s fluency in English Language is an indication of his or her intelligence is unfortunately misplaced. In view of this, the government should take the necessary steps to protect language diversity and promote our indigenous languages for sustainable development. As we celebrate this year’s International Mother Language Day, let us take the necessary steps to promote Ghanaian languages for national development.

Let us give prominence to our mother languages as we have given to some foreign languages like English, French etc. Government should adequately resource Bureau of Ghana Languages to deliver on its mandate. The Ministry of Education, Ghana Education Service, policymakers, traditional rulers and other stakeholders should rise up to the challenge and save our mother languages from extinction.

BY: JOSEPH KOFI AVUNYRA, BUREAU OF GHANA LANGUAGES.